Monday, 31 December 2018
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Friday, 21 December 2018
SEC Charges Former Staffer with Securities Fraud
The Securities and Exchange Commission charged a former employee with securities fraud in connection with his trading of options and other securities.
The SEC’s complaint alleges that David R. Humphrey, who worked at the SEC from 1998 to 2014, concealed his personal trading from the SEC’s ethics office and later misrepresented his trading activities to the SEC’s Office of Inspector General when questioned during an investigation.
“As alleged in our complaint, Humphrey never sought pre-clearance for his prohibited options trades and he filed forms that falsely represented his securities holdings,” said Gerald W. Hodgkins, Associate Director in the SEC’s Division of Enforcement.
SEC employees are subject to rigorous rules regarding securities transactions to guard against even the appearance of using public office for private gain. The ethics rules specifically prohibit trading in options or derivatives. The rules also require staff to disclose their securities holdings and transactions to the agency’s ethics office in annual filings.
According to the SEC’s complaint, Humphrey violated the rules by engaging in transactions involving derivatives, failing to obtain pre-clearance before trading non-prohibited securities, and failing to hold securities for the required period.
The SEC’s complaint charges Humphrey with violating Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act. Humphrey has agreed to settle the charges and pay $51,917 in disgorgement of profits made in the improper trades plus $4,774 in interest and a $51,917 penalty. Humphrey also agreed to be permanently suspended from appearing and practicing before the SEC as an accountant, which includes not participating in the financial reporting or audits of public companies. The settlement is subject to court approval.
In a parallel action, the Department of Justice today announced that Humphrey has pleaded guilty to criminal charges stemming from his false federal filings.
The SEC’s investigation was conducted by Gary M. Zinkgraf and Tom Bednar, and the case was supervised by Jeffrey Weiss. The SEC appreciates the assistance of the U.S. Department of Justice’s Fraud Section.
SEC CHARGES BROKERAGE FIRM WITH FAILING TO COMPLY WITH ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING LAWS
The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged a Salt Lake City-based brokerage firm with securities law violations related to its alleged practice of clearing transactions for microcap stocks that were used in manipulative schemes to harm investors.
To help detect potential securities law and money laundering violations, broker-dealers are required to file Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) that describe suspicious transactions that take place through their firms. The SEC’s complaint alleges that Alpine Securities Corporation routinely and systematically failed to file SARs for stock transactions that it flagged as suspicious. When it did file SARs, Alpine Securities allegedly frequently omitted the very information that formed the bases for Alpine knowing, suspecting, or having reason to suspect that a transaction was suspicious. As noted in the complaint, guidance for preparing SARs from the U.S. Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) clearly states that “explaining why the transaction is suspicious is critical.”
“As alleged in our complaint, by failing to file SARs, Alpine Securities deprived regulators and law enforcement of critically important information often related to trades in microcap securities used to investigate potentially serious misconduct,” said Julie Lutz, Director of the SEC’s Denver Regional Office.
The SEC’s complaint charges Alpine Securities with thousands of violations of Section 17(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 17a-8.
The SEC’s investigation was conducted by L. James Lyman and Ian S. Karpel of the Denver Regional Office with assistance from Daniel J. Goldberg, Damon Reed, and Andrae S. Eccles of the Enforcement Division’s Bank Secrecy Act Review Group. The litigation will be led by Zachary T. Carlyle and Terry Miller and supervised by Gregory A. Kasper. The SEC’s examination that led to the investigation was conducted by Denise S. Saxon, Phil Perrone, and Joni S. Marks with assistance from Lisa Byington. The case involves the Enforcement Division’s Broker-Dealer Task Force, which is led by Antonia Chion and Andrew M. Calamari and focuses on current issues and practices within the broker-dealer community, developing national initiatives for potential investigations.
The SEC appreciates the assistance of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Utah, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, FinCEN, and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
WHISTLEBLOWER AWARD OF MORE THAN HALF-MILLION DOLLARS FOR COMPANY INSIDER
The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced that a company insider has earned a whistleblower award of more than $500,000 for reporting information that prompted an SEC investigation into well-hidden misconduct that resulted in an SEC enforcement action.
“This company employee saw something wrong and did the right thing by reporting what turned out to be hard-to-detect violations of the securities laws,” said Jane Norberg, Chief of the SEC’s Office of the Whistleblower. “Company insiders are in a unique position to provide specific information that allows us to better protect investors and the marketplace. We encourage insiders with information to bring it to our attention.”
The whistleblower award is the second announced by the SEC in the past week. Approximately $154 million has now been awarded to 44 whistleblowers who voluntarily provided the SEC with original and useful information that led to a successful enforcement action.
By law, the SEC protects the confidentiality of whistleblowers and does not disclose information that might directly or indirectly reveal a whistleblower’s identity. Whistleblowers may be eligible for an award when they voluntarily provide the SEC with original, timely, and credible information that leads to a successful enforcement action.
Whistleblower awards can range from 10 percent to 30 percent of the money collected when the monetary sanctions exceed $1 million. All payments are made out of an investor protection fund established by Congress that is financed entirely through monetary sanctions paid to the SEC by securities law violators.
SEC Lawyer Free Consultation
If you need help with an SEC matter or securities law issue, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/sec-charges-former-staffer-with-securities-fraud/
Thursday, 20 December 2018
Misteps We See in Utah Divorces
So you’ve decided to get a divorce and think you know what to do. But time and time again, people make the same mistakes and suffer because of them. Keeping in mind some of the following tips throughout your divorce can benefit you both emotionally and financially.
Here are some of the most misteps we’ve seen during a divorce:
Revenge – going out of your way to be vindictive. Many people have been hurt by their spouses and use divorce as a way to get back at them. A great deal of time and energy can be wasted if you allow anger and resentment to influence your actions in a divorce proceeding.
Refusing mediation – or delaying it. Rather than immediately embarking on an adversarial divorce to attack your spouse, it can be helpful to consider mediation. Even if you and your spouse aren’t getting along, the assistance of a mediator could be what you need to navigate a smoother road towards separation. The mediator can help you understand which of your demands are reasonable and which are not customarily sustainable.
Involving children in your divorce is always a mistep. One of the biggest mistakes parents make is involving their kids in a child custody battle. Children should be left out of all arguments between adults. Making kids choose sides can have negative effects on their emotional well-being and create long-standing damage you will regret.
Ignoring health concerns – get the help you need now. A divorce can be a stressful time of your life. It is important that you don’t neglect your own health during the proceedings. Eat well, exercise, and if you find yourself suffering from depression, contact a professional for help.
Using Your Child as a Weapon
Even in the best of circumstances, divorce is usually hard on children. But a manipulative parent can force children to choose sides through hostile aggressive parenting. This type of action can lead to what is known as parental alienation syndrome — a situation in which one parent turns a child against the other parent.
Actions that constitute aggressive parenting
Any vilifying words or isolating actions the parent employs to alienate your children from you may be considered hostile, aggressive parenting. Some tactics the parent might use include:
- Denigrating, disparaging and belittling you in front of your children
- Making malicious and untruthful comments about you to your children
- Refusing to speak to you
- Withholding messages you have sent to your children
- Not answering the phone when you call
- Suggesting to your children that they should refuse visitation time with you
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- Manipulating your children’s time to interfere with your opportunities to see them
- Excluding you from important events — such as the children’s birthday parties or school functions
- Discouraging your children from communicating with you
- Failing to inform you about crucial issues in your children’s lives
- Encouraging your children to treat you with disrespect
- Giving your children the impression that you don’t matter or don’t love them
Preparing for a Child Custody Evaluation
You and your spouse have argued incessantly over who should get custody of your children. You’ve tried negotiations and mediations and cannot reach an agreement. You have now asked a judge to decide. In Utah, the court is instructed to decide on a custody and visitation arrangement that is in the child’s best interest. A child custody evaluation is designed to assist the court in making this crucial ruling. Conducted by a psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker, judges typically rely heavily on the recommendations made in the custody evaluations.
What to expect from the child custody evaluation
The primary objective of the evaluation is to offer an opinion — backed by the evidence collected during an intensive investigation — as to which parent can best serve the needs of the children. The custody evaluator considers relevant issues, such as family dynamics, parental interactions, cultural issues, parenting attributes and the children’s individual educational, physical and psychological needs. The assessment may include:
- Interviewing each parent
- Talking to family members
- Meeting with educational, health care and childcare providers
- Reviewing relevant documents
- Evaluating the child
- Conducting other appropriate tasks
The custody evaluator will provide the detailed report to the judge or court commissioner and may be called as a witness to testify at your custody hearing.
Divorce Lawyer Free Consultation
If you have a question about divorce law or if you need to start or defend against a divorce case in Utah call Ascent Law at (801) 676-5506. We will help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Vacation and Sick Leave In Your Business
Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/misteps-we-see-in-utah-divorces/
Vacation and Sick Leave in Your Business
Depending on what state you live in, the law may or may not require employers to offer vacation time and sick leave to employees. However, even if not required to do so, many employers provide these benefits to full-time workers as a way to retain employees and to provide job satisfaction. In addition, employees with health care coverage typically call in sick less often.
If the law does not require vacation and sick leave, then these benefits are established by agreement between an employer and an employee. Employers can define the terms of these benefits in an employee handbook, but must be aware of certain legal implications if they do offer such benefits.
This article briefly summarizes how the law addresses employee benefits such as paid vacations and sick leave.
The Law of Paid Vacation
If providing vacation time to employees, an employer should:
- Apply consistent accrual standards for each employee: Consistent application of accrual methods will prevent discrimination claims.
- Abide by state restrictions: While states may not mandate vacation benefits, if an employer does provide paid vacation time, there may be certain regulations governing the benefits offerred. For Example, many states have laws that apply to the accrual of vacation time, the class of employees that an employer can exclude from the benefit, and whether an employer can tell an employee when to take vacation time.
In some states, because an employee earns vacation time as work hours accumulate, vacation pay is a form of wages. Depending on the employer’s plan, vacation time, for example, may accumulate on a daily or weekly basis. Consequently, earned and unused vacation time must be paid to the employee upon termination of employment, unless a collective bargaining agreement provides otherwise.
Sick Leave Under the Law
If providing sick leave, an employer should:
- Describe the terms of sick leave in an employee handbook: If the employer will require the employee to provide a doctor’s note when taking sick leave, this term should be included in the handbook.
- Decide whether to pay employees for sick leave when employment ends: In most states, an employer is not required to pay the employee for accrued sick leave when a job ends, but an employer can establish a policy for doing so.
Some municipalities, but not all, require employers to provide a certain number of paid sick days. Make sure you check the laws and ordinances in your jurisdiction before drafting a sick leave policy. Call us to discuss what is required of your business. Keep in mind that you can also have a policy manual and give more sick leave than is required under the law.
Law of Paid Time Off
Many larger companies have combined sick leave and vacation into one lump sum called Paid Time Off (PTO). Under this system, employees receive a certain number of days for vacation, sick leave, and personal time. For example, if a company grants 10 days of vacation, 5 sick days, and 2 personal days, the employee would have a total of 17 days of paid time off.
Many companies have converted to this method to prevent abuse of sick time and to provide employees with flexibility to take time off when desired. Upon termination of employment, the employer must pay the employee for unused paid time off, including vacation, sick leave, and personal days.
Unpaid Leave Under FMLA
The federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows qualified employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave under certain circumstances. A qualified employee is an employee who has worked for the employer for at least a year and has worked at least 1,250 hours during the previous 12 months. The act applies to employers with at least 50 employees within a 75-mile radius. The employee can take unpaid leave:
- To care for a newborn, an adopted child, or a child placed in the employee’s home by the foster care system during the first year of arrival
- To care for an immediate family member (spouse, child, parent) with a serious mental or physical health condition
- Because the employee’s suffers from a serious mental or physical condition that prevents the employee from working
In addition, many states provide additional benefits through their own family and medical leave laws.
Employer Lawyer Free Consultation
When you need to speak with lawyer about paid leave or sick leave in your business, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/vacation-and-sick-leave-in-your-business/
Wednesday, 19 December 2018
Do You Need To Report Child Abuse?
All states require that if certain defined persons know or suspect that child abuse is going on, they report the abuse to the authorities. Reports of abuse and actual abuse can affect child custody in Utah. These mandatory reporting laws were instituted to help promote awareness of child abuse and early intervention, if possible. To that effect, the laws make reporting quite straightforward.
In most states, reports are anonymous and there’s generally no reason to be hesitant about making a report if you genuinely suspect that child abuse is occurring. The laws of most states don’t punish people for making a good faith effort to report child abuse. A reporter might, however, be punished if he or she was reporting child abuse without any basis for such a belief, and if the report was motivated entirely by a desire to get the reported person in trouble with the law – known as malice.
Mandatory Reporters
In most states, professions that engage in regular contact with children are listed as mandatory reporters. In at least 18 states, however, there are no listed mandatory reporters –anyone and everyone who knows or suspects that child abuse has occurred is required by law to make a report.
In Utah, we have the Child Abuse or Neglect Reporting Requirement in Utah Code 62A-4a-401 and Utah Code 53E-6-701. Under these code sections, if you are a nurse, or doctor, or police officer, or law enforcement you should be reporting abuse. If you are a member of the clergy and are bound by the church doctrine or practice to maintain confidentiality of a confession, you’re not required to report.
In other states with defined mandatory reporter lists, however, the following professions are frequently listed:
- Day care workers
- Dental assistants and hygienists
- Doctors’ office staff persons
- Emergency medical technicians
- Family practitioners
- Foster care workers
- Hospital personnel
- Medical examiners
- Nurse practitioners
- Police officers
- Practical nurses
- Psychiatrists and psychologists
- Registered nurses
- School administrators, advisors, and paraprofessionals
- Social workers
- Teachers and teachers’ aides
You can find a list of mandatory reporters in your particular state. If you would like to learn more about whether your profession is a defined mandatory reporting profession in your state and what duties you may have been ascribed, please contact a qualified attorney or speak with your institutional administrators.
Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Permissive Reporting of abuse
Though the states may differ with regard to who is a mandatory reporter, in every state everyone is permitted to report child abuse. A person who reports child abuse voluntarily is known as a permissive reporter. To better understand the difference, consider the following situation.
Suppose that you’re a homemaker, and you’re aware of child abuse occurring next door at the neighbor’s house. If you reside in a state where there’s a defined list of mandatory reporters (various professions), then you wouldn’t necessarily have to report this abuse. In other words, you wouldn’t be punished for failing to report. On the other hand, if you resided in a state where all persons are mandatory reporters (no matter their profession), then you would have to report the neighboring child abuse or you would be subject to possible criminal penalties (most likely a misdemeanor offense).
But what if you actually wanted to report the abuse? That’s perfectly okay, and even encouraged. Even if you’re not a mandatory reporter, you can report the abuse to local authorities. As a voluntary reporter you’ll also enjoy immunity from liability for a good faith report of suspected child abuse.
Child Custody Lawyer Free Consultation
If you have a question about child custody question or if you need help with custody, please call Ascent Law at (801) 676-5506. We will help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/do-you-need-to-report-child-abuse/
Tuesday, 18 December 2018
Child Support Collection from Social Security
When your former spouse becomes delinquent with child support payments, you may be wondering how you can get the money you are owed. One route that isn’t normally taken, but is still a possibility, is to garnish Social Security benefits.
First, it’s important to determine what kind of Social Security benefits your former partner receives. You will not be able to collect your payments if he or she receives supplemental security income (SSI), because it is considered a welfare benefit, not an earned benefit. Other types of Social Security benefits, however, could be subject to wage garnishment if you file a request in your local Social Security office.
For the agency to garnish those benefits, you will need to have a judge issue an income withholding order. This means that you must have already proved in court that your ex has been delinquent on their payments. Once your judge has sent this order to your local Social Security office, the people there will then enter your case data into their system and start withholding child support payments from your former spouse’s Social Security benefits. Make sure you tell your child support lawyers about the need to collect child support from social security benefits. Sometimes, if you don’t have the specific language in the child support order about collecting it from social security; the social security office won’t withhold it and you’ll have to go back to court!
If your ex-spouse is not currently receiving any benefit payments, your order for garnishment of those payments will stay on file with the Social Security office, and as soon as he or she begins collecting them again, the deductions will continue.
Federal law dictates that Social Security offices can only withhold up to 65 percent of the monthly payments that your ex receives.
Friends During a Divorce
One of the more difficult parts of a divorce is how you manage the friendships you share with your former spouse. Your friends may feel like they have to choose one of you over the other. If they do try to maintain friendships with each spouse, it can take some careful social planning to avoid awkward situations.
It’s possible to maintain shared friendships after your divorce. Below are some tips to help you accomplish that:
You should try to talk about it with your spouse and discuss your concerns with your spouse and figure out what an ideal situation would look like moving forward. Which relationships would each of you prioritize?
Role play how you think you will feel about being around your former spouse after your divorce. It can help to broach this subject with your spouse during the divorce process to mitigate any awkwardness that could occur in social situations.
Talk to everyone by being forthcoming about your struggles with your friends, and help them become more comfortable with the idea of maintaining relationships with both you and your former spouse if they wish to do so.
It is possible that some friendships will end — especially those that involve your former spouse’s closest friends. There is no doubt that this can be painful, but if you accept this fact from the start, you can take some of the sting away when it comes to pass.
It might help to set some parameters or ground rules for how you will move forward in your shared friendships. For example, you should never try to use your friends as weapons against each other, and avoid speaking ill of your former partner in front of the friends you share.
Child Support Lawyer Free Consultation
If you have a question about child support, please call Ascent Law at (801) 676-5506 for your free consultation. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/child-support-collection-from-social-security/
Monday, 17 December 2018
Invention Law
You don’t have to be famous to call yourself an inventor in today’s world. I’m telling you, as an intellectual property lawyer, most people who are “creatives” are inventors. I’m not kidding. If you like to create, then you can take your ideas and some perseverance can invent an amazing product or even some life-saving device.
Legal Invention Strategies
When brilliance strikes and you come up with a great idea, create a record of invention before going any further with it. The record of invention should be written down and should include things like a clear description of the idea, the date, your signature, and the signatures of two people you trust who have “witnessed and understood” your invention and the dates they sign.
Build a prototype as soon as you can to transform the idea into a physical object.
Be discreet. Do not talk about your invention with people who are not bound by a confidentiality agreement.
Have a qualified lawyer do a patent search for you. Keep a file for your invention that contains items and information you and your lawyer will need while you prepare your patent application. Work with an experienced lawyer who is licensed by the Patent and Trademark Office and does patent work for a living. Start exploring and thinking about how you will market your invention.
Keep good, complete, and accurate written records. A written lab book or log, kept up to date as you work on your invention, that documents each day you did something, describes the efforts you have made in taking your invention from idea to reality (including test results, experiments, modifications). You can also have two witnesses sign and date your record book stating that they have “witnessed and understood” the work you have done to build and test your invention. Keep copies of all correspondence- emails as well- and any receipts relating to your invention.
Will it sell? One rule to determine whether your invention will sell well is that the total sales will be at least twenty times the cost of inventing and patenting it. Include in your cost calculation the cost of filing fees, hiring a lawyer to help with your patent filing, and the person who prepares the drawings of your creation.
Assess whether you will be able to get a patent on your invention. What is the prior art, if any. If you are improving on something that has already been patented, is your invention a new physical feature, a combination of prior separate features, or a new use of a prior feature? Does your invention fall into one of the five classes of items that may be patentable? That is, is it a process, machine, an “article of manufacture,” “compositions of matter,” or a new use of any of those items? If you are improving something that has already been patented, is your invention not obvious? Does your invention produce a new and unexpected result? You must think through these things carefully. Talk to us if you have questions.
Invention Lawyer Free Consultation
When you need legal help with your invention, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Transfer on Death Beneficiary for Property
Some people prefer to avoid probate when it comes to estate planning because it can be expensive and time-consuming. Fortunately, there are several ways to transfer property without going through the probate process. In addition to living trusts and joint tenancies, a transfer-on-death deed is one of the ways to transfer property after your death without probate. Lean now whether transfer-on-death beneficiary is the right choice for you.
What Is a Transfer-on-Death Beneficiary for Property?
You can create a transfer-on-death beneficiary deed (also called a beneficiary deed) to transfer property upon your death to a beneficiary you name in the deed. The deed should state the following details: (1) your name as the owner of the property, (2) property description, and (3) the name of the beneficiary(s). The deed should also explicitly state that it won’t become effective until you pass away.
To create a valid transfer-on-death deed, you must properly sign, execute, and record the deed. After drafting the deed, you must sign the deed in front of a notary public. Then, you need to record the deed with the local county office. If the owner fails to sign or record the deed, the deed is deemed invalid. Once the deed is created, you have full power over the property during your lifetime. Thus, you can revoke the deed anytime before you pass away through any methods of revocation or execution of subsequent deed.
Advantage of Transfer-on-Death Beneficiary Deeds
There are several benefits to transfer-on-death deeds. First, you can change the beneficiary at anytime during your lifetime. The beneficiary does not have any legal interest in the property until you pass away, so the beneficiary’s creditors won’t be able to reach the property until the deed becomes effective. Second, expenses related to the transfer-on-death deed are less than the ones related to other methods of transferring property, such as revocable trusts and wills. Third, probate is not required to transfer the property under transfer-on-death beneficiary for property. Avoiding probate is a huge benefit because probate process is usually expensive and time-consuming.
Disadvantage of Transfer-on-Death Beneficiary Deeds
Because transfer-on-death beneficiary deeds do not become effective until you pass away, someone can challenge the validity of the deed after you die. For example, someone can argue that you lacked capacity to create a valid deed. Or, beneficiaries and family members can sue each other to take the property entirely. In this case, a court proceeding may be required to resolve the issue.
Another disadvantage is that the beneficiary won’t be able to sell the property immediately upon the transfer. As opposed to joint tenancy with right of survivorship, transfer-on-death beneficiary for property does not automatically transfer the title to the beneficiary. Most states give people time to challenge the title on the property for a certain amount of time.
State Laws on Transfer on Death Beneficiary for Property
When you name a beneficiary, who will obtain title to the property upon your death, you must do so according to the applicable state law. Today, the majority of the states allow transfer-on-death beneficiary deeds to leave property to someone after your death. However, keep in mind, some states do not allow transfer-on-death deeds at all. Please call us to go over these issues when it comes to Utah property.
Estate Planning Free Consultation
When you’re ready to go over your estate and plan it right, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/transfer-on-death-beneficiary-for-property/
Sunday, 16 December 2018
Business Entity Structures
When you start a business, you will have to decide which business structure to create. If you’re simply in business for yourself and don’t plan on hiring employees, you may be able to get by as a sole proprietorship. However, large business entities generally incorporate, which provides certain benefits in terms of liability protection and the complexity needed for a large business. No matter what you do, you should always have some business lawyers review what it is you are setting up to make sure it’s done correctly with your end goal in mind.
Each business structure has its pros cons, and since every business has unique needs and goals, you need to do your research before choosing. The following is an overview of the various types of business structures, which include sole proprietorships, partnerships (both general and limited), limited liability companies (LLCs), corporations, or nonprofits.
Sole Proprietorships
A sole proprietorship is perhaps the simplest of all the different types of business structures. Unlike LLCs and corporations, there are no papers to file and no fees to pay in order to set up a sole proprietorship. You are the sole owner of your business, and you simply have to begin business operations in order to create a sole proprietorship.
In terms of the legal entities involved in a sole proprietorship, you and the sole proprietorship are the same thing. This means that you will pay taxes on any business profit as income on your personal taxes, and if your business has any liabilities (like a court judgment or a past due debt), you are personally liable for them.
Partnerships
A partnership is like a sole proprietorship in that it is simply a business that is owned by two or more people. Similarly to a sole proprietorship, the owners of a partnership do not need to file any papers or pay any fees to set up a partnership, the partnership simply begins when you start a business with one or more other people. Also like a sole proprietorship, each partner will report their share of the business profits on their personal taxes as income, and each partner is personally liable for any debts, claims or other liabilities that the business is responsible for.
Limited Partnerships
Unlike a general partnership, a limited partnership costs money and can be very complicated to set up. Limited partnerships are not the best choice for a small business that has a small potential for personal liability. Limited partnerships are normally organized by one or more persons, the “general partners,” that are responsible for getting others to join the partnership as “limited partners.”
The general partners run the day to day operations of the limited partnership for the most part. The general partners are personally liable for any debts, judgments or other liabilities that the limited partnership has, except if the general partner is a corporation or a LLC. In addition, just like a partner in a normal partnership, the general partners in a limited partnership will share in the business profits and report this income on their personal income taxes. The limited partners are not personally liable for any of the limited partnerships liabilities, and are correspondingly not included in many of the day to day operations.
LLCs and Corporations
Although creating and maintaining a corporation or an LLC will probably be more complex and costly than forming a sole proprietorship or partnership, it may be worth it for your small business depending upon the type of work you plan on doing. Perhaps the main reason you would want to organize your business as an LLC or corporation is to shield yourself from any personal liability that may arise from your small business’ dealings.
Although LLCs and corporations are alike in many respects, what truly sets a corporation apart from the other types of business structures is that a corporation is its own legal and tax entity. A corporation pays its own taxes on any profits that it keeps and the owners of a corporation only pay income taxes on monies they draw from the corporation in the form of salaries, dividends and bonuses.
A LLC, just like a corporation, provides limited liability to the owners of the LLC for the business’ liabilities, including debts, judgments and others. Where the LLC differs from a corporation, however, is in terms of taxes. Unlike a corporation, a LLC is not its own, separate tax entity, and the owners of the LLC must pay personal income taxes on their share of the profits that the LLC keeps during the tax year.
Organizing your business as a corporation or a LLC makes sense in two situations. First, if the business in engaged in a dangerous activity that makes it more likely to be sued, or if the business has the potential of racking up large amounts of debt, then a corporation or a LLC may be a good idea to shield the owners from personal liability. Second, if any of the owners of a business have large amounts of personal assets that they want to shield from any potential liability associated with the business, a corporate or an LLC could be the best option.
Nonprofit Corporations
A nonprofit corporation is simply a corporation that was formed with the intent to carry out a purpose that is charitable, educational, literary, religious, or scientific. A nonprofit corporation can solicit charitable givings from the public, and can also seek to raise funds by seeking private grant money from companies and individuals. One of the largest benefits to a nonprofit corporation is that the money that is taken in for the charitable purpose is normally not taxed by either the federal or state governments.
Free Consultation with a Utah Business Lawyer
If you are here, you probably have a business law issue you need help with, call Ascent Law for your free business law consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/business-entity-structures/
Utah Common Law Marriage
A common myth is that if you live with someone for seven years, then you automatically create a common law marriage. This is actually not true in any state. Common law marriage occurs when a couple lives together for a certain number of years (one year in most states), holds themselves out as husband and wife, and intends to be married. Once a common law marriage is formed, that couple is treated legally the same way that traditional married couples are treated. This means that if the couple intends to no longer be married, they must file for divorce.
Only a certain number of states recognize common law marriage. However, if you and your spouse have a common law marriage in a state that recognizes common law marriages and you move to a state that does not recognize common law marriages, you are still legally married in that new state.
Which states recognize common law marriages?
- Alabama (if created before January 1, 2017)
- Colorado
- District of Columbia
- Georgia (if created before January 1, 1997)
- Idaho (if created before January 1, 1996)
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Montana
- New Hampshire (for inheritance purposes only)
- Ohio (if created before October 10, 1991)
- Oklahoma
- Pennsylvania (if created before January 1, 2005)
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- Texas
Be sure to check the family laws in your state.
Do I Change My Last Name?
No, not automatically. Anyone can change their name, however, as long as the name change is for a legitimate, non-fraudulent purpose. If you’d like to change your name, simply begin using your new name consistently and change it for all of your accounts, memberships, and identification documents. Most private entities respect name changes via mere usage. With the threat of identity theft and fraud, however, fewer and fewer companies are willing to change your name without legal documentation of your name change.
When married through traditional marriage, you are given marriage records that suffice as proof of your new name. People married via common law marriages, however, do not have marriage records. In this case, you will need a court order documenting your name change. This documentation is helpful for proving to private entities, like banks, that you legally changed your name, but it is required by government entities to change things like your state issued I.D., passport, and social security card.
What’s going on in Utah?
Well, in Utah, you can have a “marriage like relationship” but it’s not the same thing as a common law marriage. Depending on your specific circumstances, you may be able to get the court to recognize your relationship as a “marriage like relationship” which they turns your relationship into a marriage.
One of the things you need to show is that you’ve both been holdings yourselves out as married. Do you do that? Are you joint on all of your accounts, think of water, sewer, gas, electric, bank accounts, credit union accounts, loans for your cars, loans for your house, etc. For more information about how to do this, please call and speak with a lawyer at Ascent Law to discuss your options and to see if your situation would meet the criteria.
Can I get a common law divorce?
Technically, there is no such thing as a common law divorce. If you are in a legally-recognized common law marriage and you wish to end the relationship, you must obtain a regular divorce just like any other ceremonially married couple. Many spouses hire divorce attorneys, since you will need to have the court decide on things like child support and custody, spousal support, and property division. Can you get a
divorce in Utah if your relationship is a “marriage like” relationship – yes. Yes you can.
If you were married by common law marriage and move to a state that does not recognize common law marriages, you will still have to obtain a legal divorce in that state, just as if you were ceremonially married. This is because of the fact that all states recognize opposite-sex marriages from other states, including common law marriages. When you move to another state, you are still married, and must obtain a legal divorce if you choose to end the marriage.
Common Law Divorce Lawyer Free Consultation
If you have a questions about divorce in a common law marriage in Utah call Ascent Law at (801) 676-5506. We will help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/utah-common-law-marriage/
Saturday, 15 December 2018
What Is a Guardian ad Litem?
In deciding all divorce issues affecting your children, the family court applies a single, all-important standard: “the best interests of the child.” But how does the court know what is in your child’s best interest? In tough custody battles, parents often have conflicting notions of what’s best for their child. They present the court with very different impressions of who the child is, what interests and talents the child has, and the child’s physical and emotional needs. Faced with competing versions of the truth, the court may appoint a Guardian ad Litem, an attorney to represent the child. In Utah, a Guardian ad Litem is private, meaning you and the other parent have to pay the fees of the Guardian ad Litem. You each pay hafl of the cost. This can get expensive if matters are hotly contested.
Appointment of a Guardian ad Litem is meant to protect the interests of a child who is a subject of the dispute between the parents, but not a party to the divorce action. As such, the Guardian ad Litem acts as an advisor to and advocate for the child. For this reason, courts generally only appoint Guardian ad Litems in custody actions where it is appropriate to ask the child’s preference.
The Guardian ad Litem is charged with assessing whether the child has an impairment that prevents him or her from making knowledgeable, voluntary and considered judgments. If in the Guardian ad Litem’s opinion the child is unimpaired, the Guardian ad Litem will report the child’s stated preferences. The Guardian ad Litem is not a witness but may call witnesses and cross-examine witnesses. The Guardian ad Litem does not present a written report to the court, but should present relevant evidence to the court that might otherwise not be presented. The Guardian ad Litem will also tell the judge if he or she believes custody should change or if there is any abuse.
Parents must always remember that the Guardian ad Litem is not their lawyer, so any communications are not considered confidential. Any statements a parent makes to the Guardian ad Litem can be used against them in the custody dispute.
How to Share Birthdays, Holidays with Joint Custody
If you are a parent in a shared custody arrangement after a divorce, birthdays and holidays can be especially difficult times. You may need to accept that your long-time rituals can no longer occur as they once did. However, there are still ways you can make these times of the year special and meaningful.
Below are some helpful tips:
- Have a plan: Communicate with your former partner and plan far in advance how you will share time for all the holidays in a year. It is common, for example, for spouses to trade off years in which they spend Thanksgiving and Christmas with their children. If you have large extended families with multiple holiday gatherings, you may be able to split time with each holiday in each year.
- Stick to the plan: Always follow through with your plan and the promises you make to your children and/or your former spouse. Hard feelings can arise whenever you break your word, especially as it relates to the holidays, which have a lot of sentiment surrounding them.
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- Let kids have a say in the plan: Although your children should not have the final say in how your holiday plans will work, you can at least ask for their input as to when and where you will celebrate the holidays and who will be present. This will help teach your children about collaboration and compromise.
- Have multiple celebrations: For a birthday, for example, it can be easy to have two different celebrations — one at your home and one at the other parent’s home. This makes it easier for extended families to get involved.
Divorce Attorney Free Consultation
If you have a question about divorce law or if you need to start or defend against a divorce case in Utah call Ascent Law at (801) 676-5506. We will help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/what-is-a-guardian-ad-litem/
Avoiding Accidents with Tractor Trailers
Whether making your way through Utah on your way to Park City for a nice drive up Parley’s Canyon for a getaway weekend or driving anywhere on the I-15 or I-215, you’re bound to pass numerous tractor-trailers en route to your final destination. Think about it: they’re everywhere. In fact, on U.S. highways, it’s estimated that tractor-trailers number upwards of 11 million active units. As far as mileage is concerned, that’s over 288 billion logged miles each and every calendar year.
With an oblong, awkward shape, heavy cargo and poor turning radius, tractor-trailers are infamous for causing roadside accidents. In order to more fully protect yourself and other motorists, however, there are certain driving techniques which—when put into practice—make an avoidance of dangerous accidents a real possibility.
First and foremost, it’s key that blind spots be avoided at all costs. Reports from insurance companies of these dangerous auto zones, “Tractor-trailers have large blind spots called ‘no-zones,’ located at the rear of the truck, the side and the connecting point between the truck and the trailer.” Generally speaking, if you can’t see a tractor-trailer driver in his side mirrors, he or she can’t see you. This is most important when looking to pass or change lanes.
Furthermore, it’s important that trucks be given a wider berth when traveling uphill. Though always a good idea to keep a safe distance when following large vehicles, as tractor-trailers tackle inclines, they often struggle to shift gears, resulting in momentary stalls. Needless to say, as blind spots and driving distances are respected, the number of auto accidents involving tractor-trailers here in Utah will most assuredly plummet. As a injury lawyer, the most important thing you can ever do, is prevent an accident, because after one has happened, you are never really the same again. Especially after a big accident with a tractor trailer.
Pets Can Help The Elderly Live
Oftentimes, after a rewarding life filled with innumerable ups and downs, the elderly find themselves living alone. With older children having moved on and grandchildren much too far to pay any sort of regular visit, more senior citizens than ever before are taking to dog ownership as a means of happiness, companionship and youthful revitalization in West Jordan, Utah and elsewhere.
While nearly all dogs are kind, genuine, loyal and don’t require the services of a bite lawyer, some don’t have the characteristics that mesh well with the lifestyles most commonly associated with senior citizens. That being said, a handful make excellent friends.
Schnauzers, for example, are wonderful for older Americans. Not only do Schnauzers come in a variety of sizes, but they’re energetic, playful and easily trainable. Whether it’s you or a grandchild who needs more exercise, Schnauzers promise to get the job done.
Boston Terriers also make excellent dogs for seniors. Says Dana LaJoye, President of the Boston Terrier Club of America, through PBS, “Boston Terriers are bred to be companion dogs. They like nothing more than to be with their owner on the sofa watching TV or curled up next to their owner in bed.” In addition to being noticeably kind, these dogs are exceptionally easy to groom, thus making them a favorite for older dog owners.
Obviously, the aforementioned pair don’t comprise an extensive list. There are other breeds which make for excellent senior citizen pets, as well: cocker spaniels, shih tzus and beagles, just to name a few.
Whatever the case may be, in order to keep you or an older loved one safe from the rigors of dog ownership, an unfortunate bite or a meeting with an experienced lawyer in West Jordan, take the time to make certain the perfect breed is chosen.
Personal Injury Lawyer Free Consultation
If you’ve been injured in an accident with a semi tractor trailer, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/avoiding-accidents-with-tractor-trailers/
Friday, 14 December 2018
Can You Be Sued After Your Business Closes?
When you closed your business and paid your creditors, you thought, “that’s the end of that,” and moved on to other endeavors. Well, maybe not. If you have products out there that can cause injuries, among other potential liabilities, you could be involved in a lawsuit long after you have closed your doors.
It’s always a good idea to work with a lawyer when closing down your business (although sole proprietorships are much easier to shutter), which can help you avoid post-dissolution lawsuits in the first place. Here are some things you may want to consider about post-dissolution lawsuits:
You will probably not be able to handle a lawsuit without the assistance of an attorney. When you receive a Complaint or another type of legal document that indicates that you are being sued, do not contact the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s attorney — contact your own attorney. If an injured person or the person’s attorney contacts you directly, you should listen and takes notes. Do not admit fault. Do not explain changes that were made to the product. Do not make promises. Do not detail the current status of your business. Your best strategy will be to take the person’s name, contact information, and the nature of the claim and inform them that your attorney will contact them.
Exactly follow the dissolution notification procedures set forth in your state statutes. In many states, if you notify creditors and the public, you will be able to limit the amount of time in which a person who is later injured may bring suit. If you do not follow notification statutes, the time in which a person can bring a suit against you will last much longer. For example, your state may have a law that says, as long as you follow notification procedures, you can only be sued for three years following your dissolution.
After your business has closed, keep your corporate records in order. Most states have laws that deal with disposing of claims against a dissolving or dissolved business. In most cases, even after the business is dissolved, it will continue to exist for the purposes of settling claims.
Determine the statutory time limitations for bringing a suit against your business.
If you were involved in a business that manufactured products that may cause future injuries, consider reserving a portion of your liquidation distribution for the time period during which a person can bring suit. If you were incorporated, the claimant will only be able to recover what you received in distributions. This is also an issue that you might want to consider when purchasing commercial liability insurance.
If you followed the notification statutes and the time periods for bringing suit against you have expired, your attorney should be able to get the suit dismissed.
Your state may have a statute that allows you to reject the claim and force the claimant to take further action. In this case, if within a certain time period the claimant doesn’t take further action after his or her claims is rejected, the claim will not be allowed and your attorney should be able to get the suit dismissed.
If you have sold your operating assets to another business or individual before you dissolved, they may be liable to the injured party instead of you.
Your commercial liability insurance might cover the costs associated with the lawsuit. Check your policy and contact your agent.
If there is no relief available, and it looks like you are going to lose your distribution in a lawsuit, determine whether it is really worthwhile to battle it out in court. In many instances of clear corporate liability, a settlement will be less costly. Taking a case to court will dramatically increase legal fees and will probably require your personal involvement.
Business Lawyer Free Consultation
If you are here, you probably have a business law issue you need help with. If you need legal help call Ascent Law for your free business law consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Cyber Attack Law
The term cyber attack refers to any number of ways a criminal may attempt to damage or access sensitive information from a computer or networked device. The frequency and sophistication of these attacks continue to increase dramatically, while law enforcement and computer security companies frantically try to keep up. Entrepreneurs must wear many hats to be successful and can’t be expected to have technological expertise. However, it’s important for all business owners to become familiar with the most common types of cyber attacks.
How to Deal with Viruses
Viruses are perhaps the most familiar type of computer-related offense. They are programs or pieces of software code that are loaded onto your computer (or smartphone) without your knowledge, often by enticing the user to open an email attachment. Viruses can compromise a computer or an entire business network in a number of ways, including the deletion or corruption of files. New viruses hit the Internet every day, according to the Better Business Bureau.
- Defenses – Antivirus software is widely available and should be regularly updated; train employees about the common ways computer viruses are spread; infected computers should be taken offline immediately.
What Should You Do with Spyware
Your computer may be infected with spyware without your knowledge. This type of malware (software used for nefarious purposes) secretly collects information from a computer, which can include credit card numbers and Social Security numbers, typically recording the keystrokes of the user. Spyware sometimes is used by marketers and spammers, covertly installed along with a downloaded application, but also can be used for credit card fraud and identity theft.
- Defenses – Search online for anti-spyware software, some of which is free of charge; some signs that your computer may be infected with spyware include frequent pop-up ads, sluggishness and changed settings.
What about Phishing?
Chances are, you have received an official-looking email attempting to trick you into verifying your personal information at least once in the past few years. This is called “phishing,” and can also take the form of a fake web site attempting to take advantage of user mistypes (for example, typing “paypak.com” instead of “paypal.com” and being taken to a site that looks like paypal.com but isn’t). In a business setting, a phishing attack may try to get an employee to give up the password to a customer database.
- Defenses – A good spam filter may help block a majority of phishing attempts, but a well-informed workforce may be the best defense; also, check for the secure connection icon (a closed padlock) in the browser when transmitting sensitive data.
What is Pharming?
Similar to phishing, pharming redirects a web site request to a fraudulent site that closely resembles the intended one. The criminal hacks into the server to embed the malware so that users who type in a given address are automatically redirected to the fake site, which then collects information given by the user.
- Defenses – Like phishing, an informed workforce is probably the best prevention to workplace pharming attacks; if a web site redirects to another address without providing an indication to the user, it could be a pharming attempt. Use an intrusion prevention systems and network scanners to secure your company’s web server.
Keyloggers, Bots, and Trojans are Issues as Well
These are applications that appear useful or at least benign, sometimes taking the form of screen savers that entice the user to download them. But they carry viruses or other malware that can be destructive to computer files and may compromise data security. The user is often unaware they even exist but the implanted malware can send sensitive personal information to a third party.
- Defenses – Some companies have strict policies pertaining to the types of files employees may or may not download and install; regular virus and malware scans can help detect such attacks after the fact.
Cyber Attack Lawyer Free Consultation
If you’ve been a victim of a cyber attack and need legal help, then call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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